A different keyword for Horizontal scaling, a way to turn one blockchain into a set of blockchains, and increase its throughput — see Vertical and Horizontal Scaling.
Approaches that use this:
- Scaling Out - SNARKs
- Scaling Out - Optimistic (Non-)Execution
- Scaling Out - Pure Multi-chain
- Scaling Out - Shared Economic Security
Opposite of what Scaling Up - Hyper Optimized Super Chains does.
To be more precise, not all sharding methods are the same. For example, Scaling Out - SNARKs and Scaling Out - Optimistic (Non-)Execution don’t involve any form of execution sharding, but involve data sharding. Scaling Out - Shared Economic Security involves both data and execution sharding.