What is a Blockchain, Actually?

What is a Blockchain, Actually?

2h 17m total reading time

Table Of Content

  • Introduction
  • Part 1: What is a blockchain, actually?
    • Part 1 Prelude
    • What Is This All About?
    • Blockchain-based Authorities
    • Execution, Ordering and History
    • Blocks, Transactions, And Blockchain Systems
    • Blockchain Networks
    • Blockchains Are Overrated
    • Evolution of Blockchain State Machines
    • Properties Of Blockchain Systems
    • The Bigger Picture
    • Summaries:
      • This Book In 1 Sentence
      • This Book In 1 Paragraph
      • This Book In 1 Page
  • Part 2: How to scale a blockchain network
    • Introduction - Why Scaling Matters
    • Scaling Up - Hyper Optimized Super Chains
    • Scaling Out - Pure Multi-chain
    • Scaling Out - Shared Economic Security
    • Scaling Out - Optimistic (Non-)Execution
    • Scaling Out - SNARKs
  • Part 3: Polkadot
    • Polkadot
    • JAM
  • Part 4: Appendices
    • Topics that were mentioned in the above chapters, deserve a long description, but don’t fit anywhere above.
    • Proof of Work and Proof of Stake
    • Bridges and Cross Chain Messaging
    • Moon Math - ZKP, FHE and MPC
    • TEE
    • 🏗️ Opinionated List of Products and Why (work in progress)

Graph View

Latest release: v0.0.10 (Jan 8, 2026)

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  • Created by @kianenigma